Multi-Sectoral Collaboration to Improve the COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Indonesia
Kata Kunci:
COVID-19, Kolaborasi, Multi-sektor, Penerimaan Vaksin
Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas strategi intervensi kolaboratif untuk meningkatkan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap vaksinasi COVID-19 dalam upaya memerangi pandemi COVID-19. COVID-19 adalah infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 yang sangat menular dan patogen yang menyebabkan sindrom pernafasan akut yang parah dan telah mengakibatkan hilangnya nyawa yang signifikan di seluruh dunia. Selain itu konsekuensi kesejahteraan masyarakat yang memburuk tidak dapat dihindarii akibat terhambatnya kegiatan perokonomian Kebijakan vaksinasi COVID-19 merupakan pilihan terbaik untuk mencapai kekebalan kelompok (herd immunity) yang jauh lebih murah daripada mengobati. Keberhasilan kebijakan ini sangat bergantung kepada cakupan vaksinasi COVID-19 dimana penerimaan vaksin pada masyarakat berperan penting. Penerimaan vaksinasi adalah perilaku yang dihasilkan dari proses pengambilan keputusan yang kompleks dan berpotensi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Peran tenaga kesehatan saja tidak cukup untuk mencapai terpenuhinya target kekebalan kelompok. Perlu adanya upaya kolaboratif dari pemerintah pusat hingga tingkat masyarakat dalam penerapan kebijakan wajib vaksin, kegiatan sosialisasi, edukasi dan penyediaan akses terhadap layanan serta strategi komunikasi risiko.
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Referensi
Buku
Biro Komunikasi Kementerian Kesehatan, Pedoman Komunikasi Risiko untuk Penanggulangan Krisis Kesehatan, Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI
Sugiyono, Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan kombinasi (mixed methods), Bandung: Alfabeta, 2018
Jurnal
de Albuquerque Veloso Machado, M. et al. (2021) ‘The Relationship Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Scoping Review of Literature Until August 2021’, Frontiers in Public Health, 9. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.747787
Aljassim, N. and Ostini, R. (2020) ‘Health literacy in rural and urban populations: A systematic review’, Patient Education and Counseling, 103(10), pp. 2142–2154. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.06.007.
Attwell, K. et al. (2020) ‘Financial interventions to increase vaccine coverage’, Pediatrics, 146(6).
Attwell, K., Rizzi, M., McKenzie, L., Carlson, S. J., Roberts, L., Tomkinson, S., & Blyth, C. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine Mandates: An Australian attitudinal study. Vaccine, January, 293.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.056
Ayenigbara, I. O. et al. (2021) ‘The challenges to a successful COVID-19 vaccination programme in Africa’, Germs, 11(3), pp. 427–440. doi: 10.18683/germs.2021.1280.
Biswas, M. R. et al. (2021) ‘A Scoping Review to Find Out Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Underlying Determinants’, Vaccines, 9(11), p. 1243. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111243
Dube, E. et al. (2012) ‘Determinants of parents’ decision to vaccinate their children against rotavirus: results of a longitudinal study’, Health Education Research, 27(6), pp. 1069–1080. doi: 10.1093/her/cys088
Dubé, E. et al. (2013) ‘Vaccine hesitancy: An overview’, Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 9(8), pp. 1763–1773. doi: 10.4161/hv.24657.
Graeber, D., Schmidt-Petri, C. and Schröder, C. (2021) ‘Attitudes on voluntary and mandatory vaccination against COVID-19: Evidence from Germany’, PLoS ONE, 16(5 May 2021), pp. 1–18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248372.
Kata, A. (2010) ‘A postmodern Pandora’s box: Anti-vaccination misinformation on the Internet’, Vaccine, 28(7), pp. 1709–1716. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.022.
MacDonald, N. E. et al. (2015) ‘Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants’, Vaccine, 33(34), pp. 4161–4164. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
MacDonald, N. E., Butler, R. and Dubé, E. (2018) ‘Addressing barriers to vaccine acceptance: an overview’, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(1), pp. 218–224. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1394533.
Parveen, F., Jaafar, N. I. and Sulaiman, A. (2015) ‘Role of social media on information accessibility’, in Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings. doi: 10.17705/1pais.08402.
Paul, K. T., Eberl, J. M. and Partheymüller, J. (2021) ‘Policy-Relevant Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Associations With Demography, Health Risk, and Social and Political Factors’, Frontiers in Public Health, 9(July), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.671896.
Prieto Curiel, R. and González Ramírez, H. (2021) ‘Vaccination strategies against COVID-19 and the diffusion of anti-vaccination views’, Scientific Reports, 11(1), pp. 1–13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85555-1.
Sallam, M. (2021) ‘COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates’, Vaccines, 9(2), p. 160. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020160.
Savulescu, J. (2021) ‘Good reasons to vaccinate: Mandatory or payment for risk?’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 47(2), pp. 78–85. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106821.
Stellefson, M. et al. (2020) ‘Evolving role of social media in health promotion: Updated responsibilities for health education specialists’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041153.
Suryahadi, A., Al Izzati, R. and Suryadarma, D. (2020) ‘Estimating the Impact of Covid-19 on Poverty in Indonesia*’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, pp. 175–192. doi: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1779390.
Warren, G. W. and Lofstedt, R. (2021) ‘COVID-19 vaccine rollout risk communication strategies in Europe: a rapid response’, Journal of Risk Research, 24(3–4), pp. 369–379. doi: 10.1080/13669877.2020.1870533.
Zhang, H. et al. (2022) ‘The effect of health literacy on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among community population in China: The moderating role of stress’, Vaccine, 40(32), pp. 4473–4478. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.015.
Żuk, Piotr and Żuk, Paweł (2020) ‘Right-wing populism in Poland and anti-vaccine myths on YouTube: Political and cultural threats to public health’, Global Public Health, 15(6), pp. 790–804. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1718733
Dokumen
Direktorat Promosi Kesehatan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (2020) Strategi Komunikasi Vaksinasi COVID-19. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan et al. (2020) Survei Penerimaan Vaksin COVID-19 di Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2021a) Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor Hk.01.07/Menkes/4638/2021 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
President of the Republic of Indonesia (2020) ‘Presidential Regulation 99/2020 on COVID-19 Vaccine Procurement [Peraturan Presiden No. 99 Tahun 2020 tentang Pengadaan Vaksin dan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)]’, Presidential Regulation, 2019(039471), pp. 1–13.
Website
Government of Indonesia (2021) Apa itu PeduliLindungi? Available at: https://www.pedulilindungi.id/ (diakses: 16 February 2022)
Government of Israel (2021) What is a Green Pass? Available at: https://corona.health.gov.il/en/directives/green-pass-info/ (diakses: 16 February 2022)
Government of UK (2022) NHS COVID Pass. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/covid-pass/ (diakses: 16 February 2022)
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2021b) Studi Terbaru: Vaksin Covid-19 Efektif Mencegah Perawatan dan Kematian, Kemkes.go.id. Available at: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/print/21081200002/studi-terbaru-vaksin-covid-19-efektif-mencegah-perawatan-dan-kematian.html#:~:text=Efektivitas vaksin COVID-19 dosis,lengkap berpeluang terinfeksi COVID-19. (diakses: 16 February 2022).
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2022) Vaksinasi COVID-19 Nasional, Vaksin Dashboard. Available at: https://vaksin.kemkes.go.id/#/vaccines (diakses: 16 February 2022).
Kominfo (2022) Penanganan Sebaran Konten Hoaks Vaksin Covid-19 Selasa (23/08/2022), Infografis Kominfo. Available at: https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/43860/penanganan-sebaran-konten-hoaks-vaksin-covid-19-selasa-23082022/0/infografis (diakses: 22 September 2022).
Putri, G. S. (2021) Sertifikat Vaksin Covid-19 Jadi Syarat Beraktivitas, Ini Kata WHO dan Epidemiolog, Kompas.com. Available at: https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2021/08/09/160200523/sertifikat-vaksin-covid-19-jadi-syarat-beraktivitas-ini-kata-who-dan?page=all (diakses: 16 February 2022).
Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 (2022) Peta Sebaran, covid19.go.id. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran (diakses: 22 September 2022).
Windy, A. (2021) Kupas Tuntas Aplikasi PeduliLindungi, aptika.kominfo.go.id. Available at: https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2021/10/kupas-tuntas-aplikasi-pedulilindungi/#:~:text=PeduliLindungi diinisiasi oleh Kementerian BUMN,mendeteksi alur penyebaran Covid-19. (diakses: 22 September 2022).
World Bank Group (2021) Memastikan Masa Depan Indonesia yang Lebih Inklusif Melalui Teknologi Digital, SIARAN PERS NO: 2022/004/EAP. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/in/news/press-release/2021/07/28/ensuring-a-more-inclusive-future-for-indonesia-through-digital-technologies (diakses: 22 September 2022).
World Health Organization (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19, World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19 (diakses: 29 November 2021).
Zaenudin, A. (2018) Mengapa Facebook Jadi Sarang Hoaks?, tirto.id. Available at: https://tirto.id/mengapa-facebook-jadi-sarang-hoaks-dca9 (diakses: 22 September 2022).
Biro Komunikasi Kementerian Kesehatan, Pedoman Komunikasi Risiko untuk Penanggulangan Krisis Kesehatan, Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI
Sugiyono, Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan kombinasi (mixed methods), Bandung: Alfabeta, 2018
Jurnal
de Albuquerque Veloso Machado, M. et al. (2021) ‘The Relationship Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Scoping Review of Literature Until August 2021’, Frontiers in Public Health, 9. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.747787
Aljassim, N. and Ostini, R. (2020) ‘Health literacy in rural and urban populations: A systematic review’, Patient Education and Counseling, 103(10), pp. 2142–2154. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.06.007.
Attwell, K. et al. (2020) ‘Financial interventions to increase vaccine coverage’, Pediatrics, 146(6).
Attwell, K., Rizzi, M., McKenzie, L., Carlson, S. J., Roberts, L., Tomkinson, S., & Blyth, C. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine Mandates: An Australian attitudinal study. Vaccine, January, 293.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.056
Ayenigbara, I. O. et al. (2021) ‘The challenges to a successful COVID-19 vaccination programme in Africa’, Germs, 11(3), pp. 427–440. doi: 10.18683/germs.2021.1280.
Biswas, M. R. et al. (2021) ‘A Scoping Review to Find Out Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Underlying Determinants’, Vaccines, 9(11), p. 1243. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111243
Dube, E. et al. (2012) ‘Determinants of parents’ decision to vaccinate their children against rotavirus: results of a longitudinal study’, Health Education Research, 27(6), pp. 1069–1080. doi: 10.1093/her/cys088
Dubé, E. et al. (2013) ‘Vaccine hesitancy: An overview’, Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 9(8), pp. 1763–1773. doi: 10.4161/hv.24657.
Graeber, D., Schmidt-Petri, C. and Schröder, C. (2021) ‘Attitudes on voluntary and mandatory vaccination against COVID-19: Evidence from Germany’, PLoS ONE, 16(5 May 2021), pp. 1–18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248372.
Kata, A. (2010) ‘A postmodern Pandora’s box: Anti-vaccination misinformation on the Internet’, Vaccine, 28(7), pp. 1709–1716. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.022.
MacDonald, N. E. et al. (2015) ‘Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants’, Vaccine, 33(34), pp. 4161–4164. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
MacDonald, N. E., Butler, R. and Dubé, E. (2018) ‘Addressing barriers to vaccine acceptance: an overview’, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(1), pp. 218–224. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1394533.
Parveen, F., Jaafar, N. I. and Sulaiman, A. (2015) ‘Role of social media on information accessibility’, in Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2015 - Proceedings. doi: 10.17705/1pais.08402.
Paul, K. T., Eberl, J. M. and Partheymüller, J. (2021) ‘Policy-Relevant Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Associations With Demography, Health Risk, and Social and Political Factors’, Frontiers in Public Health, 9(July), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.671896.
Prieto Curiel, R. and González Ramírez, H. (2021) ‘Vaccination strategies against COVID-19 and the diffusion of anti-vaccination views’, Scientific Reports, 11(1), pp. 1–13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85555-1.
Sallam, M. (2021) ‘COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates’, Vaccines, 9(2), p. 160. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020160.
Savulescu, J. (2021) ‘Good reasons to vaccinate: Mandatory or payment for risk?’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 47(2), pp. 78–85. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106821.
Stellefson, M. et al. (2020) ‘Evolving role of social media in health promotion: Updated responsibilities for health education specialists’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041153.
Suryahadi, A., Al Izzati, R. and Suryadarma, D. (2020) ‘Estimating the Impact of Covid-19 on Poverty in Indonesia*’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, pp. 175–192. doi: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1779390.
Warren, G. W. and Lofstedt, R. (2021) ‘COVID-19 vaccine rollout risk communication strategies in Europe: a rapid response’, Journal of Risk Research, 24(3–4), pp. 369–379. doi: 10.1080/13669877.2020.1870533.
Zhang, H. et al. (2022) ‘The effect of health literacy on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among community population in China: The moderating role of stress’, Vaccine, 40(32), pp. 4473–4478. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.015.
Żuk, Piotr and Żuk, Paweł (2020) ‘Right-wing populism in Poland and anti-vaccine myths on YouTube: Political and cultural threats to public health’, Global Public Health, 15(6), pp. 790–804. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1718733
Dokumen
Direktorat Promosi Kesehatan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (2020) Strategi Komunikasi Vaksinasi COVID-19. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan et al. (2020) Survei Penerimaan Vaksin COVID-19 di Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2021a) Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor Hk.01.07/Menkes/4638/2021 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
President of the Republic of Indonesia (2020) ‘Presidential Regulation 99/2020 on COVID-19 Vaccine Procurement [Peraturan Presiden No. 99 Tahun 2020 tentang Pengadaan Vaksin dan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)]’, Presidential Regulation, 2019(039471), pp. 1–13.
Website
Government of Indonesia (2021) Apa itu PeduliLindungi? Available at: https://www.pedulilindungi.id/ (diakses: 16 February 2022)
Government of Israel (2021) What is a Green Pass? Available at: https://corona.health.gov.il/en/directives/green-pass-info/ (diakses: 16 February 2022)
Government of UK (2022) NHS COVID Pass. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/covid-pass/ (diakses: 16 February 2022)
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2021b) Studi Terbaru: Vaksin Covid-19 Efektif Mencegah Perawatan dan Kematian, Kemkes.go.id. Available at: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/print/21081200002/studi-terbaru-vaksin-covid-19-efektif-mencegah-perawatan-dan-kematian.html#:~:text=Efektivitas vaksin COVID-19 dosis,lengkap berpeluang terinfeksi COVID-19. (diakses: 16 February 2022).
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2022) Vaksinasi COVID-19 Nasional, Vaksin Dashboard. Available at: https://vaksin.kemkes.go.id/#/vaccines (diakses: 16 February 2022).
Kominfo (2022) Penanganan Sebaran Konten Hoaks Vaksin Covid-19 Selasa (23/08/2022), Infografis Kominfo. Available at: https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/43860/penanganan-sebaran-konten-hoaks-vaksin-covid-19-selasa-23082022/0/infografis (diakses: 22 September 2022).
Putri, G. S. (2021) Sertifikat Vaksin Covid-19 Jadi Syarat Beraktivitas, Ini Kata WHO dan Epidemiolog, Kompas.com. Available at: https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2021/08/09/160200523/sertifikat-vaksin-covid-19-jadi-syarat-beraktivitas-ini-kata-who-dan?page=all (diakses: 16 February 2022).
Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 (2022) Peta Sebaran, covid19.go.id. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran (diakses: 22 September 2022).
Windy, A. (2021) Kupas Tuntas Aplikasi PeduliLindungi, aptika.kominfo.go.id. Available at: https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2021/10/kupas-tuntas-aplikasi-pedulilindungi/#:~:text=PeduliLindungi diinisiasi oleh Kementerian BUMN,mendeteksi alur penyebaran Covid-19. (diakses: 22 September 2022).
World Bank Group (2021) Memastikan Masa Depan Indonesia yang Lebih Inklusif Melalui Teknologi Digital, SIARAN PERS NO: 2022/004/EAP. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/in/news/press-release/2021/07/28/ensuring-a-more-inclusive-future-for-indonesia-through-digital-technologies (diakses: 22 September 2022).
World Health Organization (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19, World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19 (diakses: 29 November 2021).
Zaenudin, A. (2018) Mengapa Facebook Jadi Sarang Hoaks?, tirto.id. Available at: https://tirto.id/mengapa-facebook-jadi-sarang-hoaks-dca9 (diakses: 22 September 2022).
Diterbitkan
2022-12-19
##submission.howToCite##
Dila, A., Pangaribuan, H., & Sutarjo, U. (2022). Multi-Sectoral Collaboration to Improve the COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Indonesia, 6(2), 29-48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37145/jak.v6i2.523
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